What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become one of the biggest shopping festivals worldwide, marking the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. But how well do you know the origins of this retail phenomenon that sends millions of shoppers hunting for deals every year? Test your knowledge about this cultural and commercial event that transforms retail spaces and consumer behavior!

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A stock market crash in 1869 when gold prices plummeted
The day retail stores traditionally 'went into the black' (became profitable) for the year
A term coined by Philadelphia police to describe the chaos of post-Thanksgiving shoppers in the 1950s
The day President Roosevelt officially moved Thanksgiving to extend the shopping season in 1939