Which psychological principle is most commonly leveraged by successful language learning apps in their marketing strategies to maintain user engagement?

In the world of language learning apps and linguistic services, understanding consumer psychology is crucial for effective marketing. This trivia tests your knowledge about how language product companies leverage psychological principles to attract and retain users. Do you know how the most successful language apps tap into user motivation?

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The Zeigarnik Effect - creating unfinished tasks that drive users to return and complete them
The Mandela Effect - convincing users they've previously studied material they haven't to build familiarity
The Dunning-Kruger Effect - making beginners feel they've mastered concepts quickly to boost confidence
The Pratfall Effect - deliberately showing app imperfections to make the product seem more relatable and human