Which ancient civilization first used branded clay seals as 'trademarks' on merchandise to indicate the producer and guarantee quality of goods in marketplaces?

Before modern retail existed, ancient civilizations had sophisticated marketplace systems with distinct branding strategies. Merchants in ancient Rome, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece used unique identifiers, quality seals, and family marks to distinguish their products. These early branding techniques laid the groundwork for today's marketing practices. Test your knowledge about how the ancients marketed their wares!

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Mesopotamia (circa 3000 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (circa 2500 BCE)
Ancient Greece (circa 800 BCE)
Roman Empire (circa 100 BCE)