Which ancient civilization first used branded merchandise with maker's marks to establish product identity and guarantee authenticity?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations created sophisticated retail systems and brand identities that laid the groundwork for today's commerce. From the specialized marketplaces of Mesopotamia to the branded pottery of ancient Greece, retail innovation has a history spanning thousands of years. Test your knowledge about these early retail systems that shaped how products were designed, displayed, and sold in the cradle of civilization.

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Ancient Egyptians, who stamped pharaoh seals on premium goods
Ancient Greeks, who used potter's marks (signatures) on ceramics as early as 700 BCE
Mesopotamians, who used cylinder seals to mark merchandise ownership
Ancient Romans, who stamped SPQR on officially produced goods