Which innovative retail strategy helped Texas Instruments maintain its dominance in the educational calculator market despite minimal design changes since the 1990s?

Texas Instruments revolutionized the mathematics education market with their graphing calculators, particularly the TI-83 and TI-84 series. Despite newer technologies and smartphones with calculator capabilities, these devices maintain a remarkable market dominance in classrooms. This poll explores a fascinating aspect of their product strategy that helped cement their position in educational mathematics tools.

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Creating a teacher loan program that provides free calculators to educators who then recommend them to students
Implementing a subscription-based model where students pay annually for calculator access
Developing a proprietary operating system that requires schools to purchase new calculators every two years
Offering significant discounts to students who trade in competitors' calculators when purchasing