Which ancient civilization first used branded clay seals as a form of product authentication and merchant identification in their marketplaces?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations had sophisticated marketplaces with their own branding strategies. From the Agoras of Ancient Greece to the Grand Bazaar of Byzantium, merchants developed unique ways to distinguish their products and attract customers. Test your knowledge about the earliest retail branding techniques that laid the foundation for today's commercial practices. How well do you know the origins of retail branding from thousands of years ago?

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Mesopotamia (circa 3000 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (circa 2500 BCE)
Indus Valley (circa 2300 BCE)
Ancient China (circa 1600 BCE)