Which retail innovation fundamentally changed how inventors marketed their discoveries in the 19th century?

In the world of inventions and discoveries, protecting one's intellectual property became crucial as markets expanded. Before patent offices existed worldwide, inventors had to rely on different methods to safeguard their innovations. This poll explores how market research and consumer trends influenced the development of modern intellectual property systems, fundamentally changing how inventors brought their discoveries to market.

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The first patent and trademark exhibition in Vienna (1873), which led to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace (1851), which only showcased products already in mass production
Edison's first retail store (1882), which sold exclusively patented electrical devices
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875), focused on standardizing product measurements