Which mathematical model revolutionized retail customer lifetime value calculations by incorporating probabilistic customer behavior patterns?

In today's data-driven retail landscape, mathematics plays a crucial role in optimizing everything from inventory management to customer targeting. One particularly innovative application of mathematics in retail has transformed how companies approach pricing strategies and customer value assessment. Test your knowledge about how advanced mathematical concepts are reshaping the retail industry!

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The Pareto-NBD (Negative Binomial Distribution) Model
The Fibonacci Sequence Projection Model
The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Retail Simulator
The Bayesian Network Preference Mapping System