Which innovative geographic expansion strategy did Walmart use in the 1990s that revolutionized retail location planning and is now standard industry practice?

Major retailers carefully study geography when planning expansion into new markets. From analyzing population density to understanding local shopping habits, geography plays a crucial role in retail success. This poll explores how leading retailers have used geographic data to drive their global expansion strategies. Can you identify the correct approach that transformed a regional chain into an international powerhouse?

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Hub-and-spoke distribution model utilizing satellite imagery to identify optimal store locations based on transportation infrastructure
Urban-only focus strategy that prioritized high-density city centers to maximize foot traffic regardless of real estate costs
Border town specialization, placing megastores exclusively along state and national boundaries to capture multi-market customers
Population age mapping that targeted exclusively locations with median ages under 30 to build lifetime customer loyalty