Which advertising innovation, introduced in the 1920s, is credited with creating the modern concept of 'brand identity' and pioneering the psychological approach to consumer marketing?

In the early 20th century, advertising underwent a revolutionary transformation that would forever change how products were marketed. As mass production created abundance, companies needed new ways to differentiate themselves and create consumer demand. This poll explores a pivotal moment in advertising history that shaped modern retail marketing techniques and established practices still used today.

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Scientific Advertising by Claude Hopkins, which introduced A/B testing and data-driven campaigns
Edward Bernays' 'Torches of Freedom' campaign, which linked products to emotional and social desires rather than just utility
The Sears Roebuck catalog's 'money-back guarantee', which established consumer trust as a marketing principle
The Burma-Shave sequential roadside billboards, which created the concept of storytelling in advertising