Which mathematical technique is most commonly used by retailers to identify hidden patterns in customer purchase behavior across large datasets?

Modern retail management has been transformed by mathematical models and analytics. Data-driven decision making now powers everything from inventory optimization to customer behavior prediction. This poll tests your knowledge about how mathematical principles are applied in retail analytics to enhance store performance and customer experiences. How well do you understand the quantitative backbone of today's retail operations?

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Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations
Market basket analysis using association rules
Fourier transform frequency analysis
Differential calculus for rate maximization