Which presidential campaign was first to extensively use retail-style personalization algorithms and microtargeting to tailor different messages to different voters based on their personal data?

Government and political campaigns increasingly rely on sophisticated digital marketing strategies to reach voters. One presidential campaign revolutionized political digital marketing with unprecedented data analytics and personalization techniques that fundamentally changed how political campaigns operate. This poll tests your knowledge of this significant shift in political campaign strategy and its impact on modern government elections.

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Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign
Donald Trump's 2016 campaign
Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign
George W. Bush's 2004 re-election campaign