Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'brand seals' on merchandise, using cylindrical stamps with unique designs to mark products as authentic and indicate their origin?

Before modern logos and trademarks, ancient civilizations had their own methods of brand recognition and product identification. Merchants and artisans used distinctive symbols, marks, and seals to distinguish their goods and build reputation in marketplaces spanning from Rome to China. This poll explores how ancient civilizations approached what we now call 'branding' and how consumers identified quality products in these early commercial settings.

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Mesopotamia (specifically ancient Sumer and Babylon)
Ancient Egypt
Classical Greece
Indus Valley Civilization