What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become a global retail phenomenon, marking the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. But how much do you know about the business strategy and economic impact behind this massive shopping event? Test your knowledge about the origins and evolution of one of retail's most significant brand management strategies that has transformed consumer behavior worldwide.

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The day retail businesses finally turned a profit for the year (went from 'red' to 'black' in accounting terms)
A stock market crash that occurred on Friday, September 24, 1869
The day factory workers called in sick after Thanksgiving to extend their holiday
A marketing term created by department stores in the 1950s to promote post-holiday sales