Which major transportation system was the first to widely implement open-loop contactless payment cards (allowing direct payment with standard credit/debit cards) across its entire network?

Modern transportation systems have undergone dramatic changes in how passengers pay for their journeys. From paper tickets to mobile apps and contactless cards, payment technology has transformed the passenger experience while creating new data opportunities for transit operators. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal moment in transportation payment evolution that changed how millions of commuters interact with public transit systems.

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Transport for London (TfL)
New York City MTA
Tokyo Metro
Paris RATP