Which ancient civilization pioneered the first widespread use of 'product seals' or logos to guarantee authenticity and prevent counterfeiting of goods in international trade?

Before modern marketing campaigns, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated techniques to distinguish their products in bustling marketplaces. From distinctive pottery stamps in Mesopotamia to branded olive oils in Rome, product differentiation has ancient roots. This poll explores how early civilizations created the foundations for what we now call 'branding' and product marketing, revealing that some modern strategies have surprising historical precedents.

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Ancient Egypt, with royal cartouches on exported goods
Mesopotamia, with cylinder seals on clay containers
Ancient Greece, with amphora maker's marks
Phoenicia, with purple-dyed fabric trade symbols