Which 19th century retail innovation first introduced fixed pricing and eliminated the common practice of haggling over prices?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce giants dominated retail, innovative entrepreneurs revolutionized how people shopped. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in retail history that changed consumer behavior forever and set the foundation for today's shopping experience. Test your knowledge of retail's evolutionary journey!

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Bon Marché in Paris, the first department store (1852)
F.W. Woolworth's five-and-dime stores (1879)
Quaker merchant Rowland Macy's 'one-price policy' at Macy's (1858)
Montgomery Ward's mail-order catalog business (1872)