Which innovative supply chain management technology was first widely deployed during Operation Desert Shield/Storm that revolutionized military logistics tracking?

The 1991 Gulf War represented a turning point in military supply chain management. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990, the US military faced the monumental challenge of deploying and sustaining over 500,000 troops in the Saudi Arabian desert. This operation showcased innovations in military logistics that would transform both military operations and civilian supply chain practices for decades to come.

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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags for tracking equipment and supplies
Satellite-based Global Command and Control System (GCCS)
Automated Manifest System (AMS) for customs clearance
Digital Military Logistics Data Resource Management System (MLDRS)