Which pharmaceutical company first developed and marketed the world's first commercially available mRNA vaccine technology, years before COVID-19 brought this innovation to widespread public attention?

In the world of scientific product development, breakthrough innovations often come from years of research and development. Companies invest billions in creating products that revolutionize healthcare, technology, and our understanding of the world. This poll tests your knowledge about a significant scientific product innovation that changed an entire industry and saved countless lives.

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Moderna Therapeutics, which had been developing mRNA platforms since 2010 for cancer treatments
Pfizer, which had been researching mRNA technology since 2008 for potential flu vaccines
Johnson & Johnson, which pioneered the technology in 2012 but hadn't brought products to market
GlaxoSmithKline, which developed the first mRNA prototype vaccines in 2015 for tropical diseases