What was the original meaning behind the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

While modern shopping festivals drive billions in sales today, their origins often have fascinating historical contexts. Black Friday, one of the most significant retail phenomena in American history, transformed the retail landscape and shopping behaviors. This poll tests your knowledge about how this massive shopping event got its name and its historical significance in the retail industry.

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A financial crisis in 1869 when gold prices collapsed
The day retail stores traditionally went from operating at a loss ('in the red') to making profit ('in the black')
A 1950s term used by Philadelphia police to describe post-Thanksgiving traffic chaos
A marketing campaign created by department stores in the 1930s to boost post-Depression sales