Which gaming company pioneered the 'Battle Pass' model that has now become an industry standard for player retention and monetization?

The gaming industry has evolved significantly in how companies build and maintain customer loyalty. From exclusive in-game rewards to subscription services, gaming companies have pioneered innovative approaches to keep players engaged and loyal to their platforms. Test your knowledge about how major gaming companies have developed their customer retention and loyalty programs over the years.

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Valve (Dota 2)
Activision Blizzard (Call of Duty)
Epic Games (Fortnite)
Riot Games (League of Legends)