Which AI technology significantly improved retail chatbots around 2018-2019, enabling them to better understand context and natural language?

In the competitive retail landscape, conversational AI has transformed customer service and shopping experiences. Chatbots now handle everything from product recommendations to post-purchase support, creating personalized shopping journeys at scale. But how well do you understand the technology and strategy behind successful retail chatbots? Test your knowledge about this crucial retail technology that's reshaping customer engagement and operational efficiency.

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Transformer-based language models (like BERT and GPT)
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
Rule-based Natural Language Processing
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)