Which historic department store, founded in 1852, pioneered the concept of 'consumption as spectacle' with its grand iron-and-glass domed hall and was considered the world's first modern department store?

The 19th century saw a revolutionary change in how people shopped with the emergence of the first department stores. These pioneering retailers transformed commerce by introducing fixed pricing, browsable merchandise, and luxurious shopping environments that catered to the growing middle class. Test your knowledge about these historic retail innovators who laid the foundation for today's shopping experience!

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• Le Bon Marché (Paris)
• Macy's (New York)
• Harrods (London)
• GUM (Moscow)

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