Which ancient civilization first used merchant seals as a form of brand identity, stamping clay tablets to guarantee product authenticity in long-distance trade networks?

Before modern logos and brand identities, ancient civilizations had their own systems for marking products and establishing merchant identities. These early commercial symbols played crucial roles in trade networks spanning from Mesopotamia to Rome. Test your knowledge about how ancient merchants branded their goods and established commercial identities that sometimes lasted for generations.

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Mesopotamian (Sumerian/Babylonian) merchants around 3000 BCE
Egyptian traders during the Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BCE)
Phoenician sea merchants around 1500 BCE
Greek pottery workshops in Athens (600-400 BCE)