Which product innovation most dramatically increased access to religious texts in 15th century Europe, leading to widespread religious literacy and eventually contributing to the Protestant Reformation?

Throughout history, the publishing and distribution of sacred texts has evolved dramatically, shaping how people access religious knowledge. From ancient scrolls to modern digital platforms, these changes reflect not only technological advancement but also shifts in religious practice. This poll explores a fascinating turning point in how religious texts reached the masses—a product innovation that democratized spiritual wisdom and transformed religious communities worldwide.

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Gutenberg's printing press with movable type, which allowed mass production of the Bible
The invention of paper scrolls, replacing stone tablets as the primary medium for religious texts
The development of illuminated manuscripts with gold leaf, making religious texts more visually appealing
The introduction of leather-bound codices, replacing papyrus as the standard format for religious texts