Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'brand seals' on products as a quality guarantee and marketing strategy?

The ancient world had sophisticated marketplaces and retail concepts that influenced modern commerce. From the Agoras of Greece to the Forums of Rome, and the bazaars of Mesopotamia, ancient civilizations developed complex marketing and branding strategies. This poll explores how these ancient societies approached product promotion, consumer psychology, and retail innovation in ways that still resonate today. Test your knowledge about these fascinating early commercial practices!

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Mesopotamia (with cylinder seals marking goods from specific merchants or workshops)
Ancient Egypt (with hieroglyphic markings designating royal production)
Ancient Rome (with maker's marks stamped on pottery and other goods)
Ancient China (with imperial seals guaranteeing quality standards)