Which military retail innovation, first developed during World War II, revolutionized modern inventory management and is considered the precursor to modern barcodes?

During World War II, the United States military faced unprecedented logistical challenges in supplying troops across global theaters. This led to remarkable retail and supply chain innovations that would later transform civilian commerce. Test your knowledge about how military necessity drove retail evolution and created systems we still use today in modern commerce.

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The Standard Nomenclature System (SNS) with punched cards for tracking millions of unique parts
The Military Exchange System (MES) that created mall-like shopping centers on bases
The Uniform Product Code (UPC) first used on ammunition boxes
The Priority Supply Rating (PSR) that allowed dynamic pricing based on scarcity