Which retail innovation first made high-quality astronomical telescopes widely available to the average consumer in the 1970s, dramatically expanding the home astronomy market?

Before NASA and SpaceX became household names, astronomy retail was dominated by a few specialized companies. The telescope market has undergone dramatic changes over the decades, transforming from exclusive scientific instruments to consumer products. This poll tests your knowledge of how astronomy products have evolved in the retail space and created a unique market niche bridging science and consumer technology.

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The introduction of the Dobsonian telescope design, which significantly reduced manufacturing costs while maintaining optical quality
The launch of Celestron's C8 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope with computerized tracking, making professional features accessible
The development of the Meade ETX series, which pioneered mass retail distribution through department store chains
The creation of Edmund Scientific's mail-order catalog, which established the first direct-to-consumer astronomy product channel