Which retail payment innovation was first introduced in the 1990s but didn't gain widespread adoption until mobile technology advanced in the 2010s?

As retail technology advances, payment systems have undergone significant transformation to meet changing consumer expectations and security requirements. These innovations have not only streamlined the checkout experience but have also influenced consumer behavior, market competition, and business models. How well do you understand the evolution of retail payment systems and their economic impact?

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NFC (Near Field Communication) payments
QR code payments
Biometric authentication payments
Cryptocurrency payments