Why was the day after Thanksgiving originally called 'Black Friday' in the retail industry before it became associated with holiday shopping?

Black Friday has become one of the most significant retail events globally, marking the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. But the term 'Black Friday' wasn't always associated with shopping deals and retail success. Test your knowledge about how this retail phenomenon got its name and evolved into the shopping extravaganza we know today.

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Because retailers' accounting ledgers went from 'red' (loss) to 'black' (profit) on this day
Because of the chaos and traffic jams that occurred when workers called in sick after Thanksgiving to start holiday shopping
Because of the massive workload and stress faced by retail staff dealing with post-Thanksgiving shoppers
Because Philadelphia police used the term to describe the traffic and pedestrian congestion from shoppers and tourists before the Army-Navy football game