Which famous author pioneered the concept of 'author as brand' by creating a personal logo, establishing a publishing imprint, and developing a comprehensive merchandise strategy as early as the 1900s?

The publishing industry has evolved dramatically over centuries, with certain authors becoming powerful brands in their own right. Beyond writing books, many literary figures have developed distinctive brand identities, marketing strategies, and product ecosystems. This trivia tests your knowledge about the business and product development side of famous literary figures and how they transformed their creative works into enduring commercial enterprises.

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Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
Virginia Woolf
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway