What pricing strategy did NASA and its partners employ when the James Webb Space Telescope significantly exceeded its initial budget?

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) represents one of humanity's most ambitious and expensive scientific instruments ever created. Its development involved complex pricing strategies, budget allocations, and value propositions that balanced scientific return against enormous costs. This poll tests your knowledge about the financial aspects of this groundbreaking astronomical tool that's now revolutionizing our understanding of the universe.

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Value-based pricing: They justified the increasing costs by demonstrating the unprecedented scientific value that would come from the telescope's unique capabilities
Penetration pricing: They temporarily reduced the project's scope to keep costs low, planning to add features later through software updates after launch
Dynamic pricing: They adjusted the telescope's capabilities quarterly based on available funding, resulting in a scaled-down final product
Economy pricing: They ultimately chose to use existing Hubble technology with minimal upgrades to stay within the original budget constraints