Which mathematical technique revolutionized e-commerce platforms by enabling personalized product recommendations based on historical purchasing patterns?

E-commerce platforms rely heavily on mathematical models to optimize customer experiences. Behind the seamless online shopping experience are complex algorithms that analyze user behavior, predict trends, and personalize recommendations. This poll tests your knowledge about how mathematical concepts are applied in modern retail analytics to drive strategic decision-making and improve customer insights.

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Collaborative filtering using matrix factorization
Bayesian probability in A/B testing
Monte Carlo simulations for inventory management
Markov decision processes for pricing optimization