Which company first developed the automated external defibrillator (AED) for public use, revolutionizing emergency response to cardiac arrest?

The healthcare industry has seen remarkable innovations that have revolutionized patient care and treatment outcomes. One area with particularly fascinating developments is medical devices. These innovations often have surprising origins and faced numerous challenges before becoming widely adopted. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking medical device that changed emergency care forever.

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Physio-Control (now part of Stryker), which introduced the first portable AED in 1986
Johnson & Johnson, which pioneered the technology in 1990 after acquiring a startup focused on emergency medical equipment
Medtronic, which created the first public-access AED program in 1992 after success with implantable defibrillators
Philips Healthcare, which developed the first fully automated defibrillator in 1984 specifically for non-medical users