Who invented the first self-checkout system, and when was it first commercially implemented in a retail store?

In the evolution of retail technology, self-checkout systems dramatically changed how customers interact with stores. This innovation reduced wait times, gave customers more control over their shopping experience, and transformed workforce allocation in retail environments. Today's self-checkout terminals evolved significantly from their earliest predecessors, incorporating advanced anti-theft measures, improved user interfaces, and mobile integration. Test your knowledge about the origins of this game-changing retail technology!

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David R. Humble at Sears in 1992
IBM Research team at Walmart in 1998
NCR Corporation at Target in 1987
Amazon engineers at Whole Foods in 2003