Which major publishing industry merger resulted in the creation of Penguin Random House, now the world's largest trade book publisher?

In the publishing world, brand mergers have transformed how readers discover and consume literature. One particularly significant merger reshaped the literary landscape in the 2010s, bringing together digital innovation and traditional publishing expertise. This merger led to revolutionary changes in how books are marketed, distributed, and consumed globally. Can you identify which groundbreaking merger fundamentally changed the literary marketplace?

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Random House and Penguin Books (2013)
HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster (2015)
Macmillan Publishers and Hachette Book Group (2011)
Penguin Books and Scholastic Corporation (2014)