Which ancient civilization pioneered a formal customer loyalty program where regular customers received clay tokens that could be exchanged for discounts on future purchases?

Before modern customer loyalty programs with plastic cards and digital points, ancient civilizations had their own methods of rewarding loyal customers and maintaining brand reputation. Merchants in major ancient trade hubs developed sophisticated systems to track repeat customers and offer incentives. This poll explores how ancient civilizations maintained customer loyalty in their bustling marketplaces, centuries before modern marketing concepts emerged.

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Mesopotamian merchants in Babylon (circa 1800 BCE)
Egyptian bazaar vendors during the New Kingdom period
Roman retail guilds under Emperor Augustus
Phoenician traders along Mediterranean port cities