Which linguistic technology has most significantly improved retail chatbots' ability to understand context and maintain conversational memory?

Chatbots have revolutionized customer service in retail, but their linguistic capabilities vary dramatically. The most sophisticated retail chatbots now incorporate advanced language processing technologies to better understand customer queries and provide more natural responses. This poll tests your knowledge about cutting-edge linguistic technologies in retail chatbot development.

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Transformer-based models (like those used in GPT architecture)
Simple recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
Rule-based syntactic parsing
Basic keyword matching with sentiment analysis