Which mathematical technique, originally developed for pure mathematics applications, revolutionized retail recommendation systems by allowing companies to identify patterns in sparse customer purchase data?

In today's data-driven retail landscape, advanced mathematical algorithms have transformed how retailers make decisions. From inventory optimization to customer behavior prediction, mathematics powers the personalization engines behind modern shopping experiences. Test your knowledge about a groundbreaking mathematical approach that revolutionized retail personalization and recommendation systems.

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Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
Monte Carlo Simulation
Bayesian Networks
Markov Decision Processes