Which neuroscientific technique was first commercially applied to advertising effectiveness research in the early 2000s, allowing marketers to observe real-time brain responses to advertisements?

The intersection of science and advertising has led to some remarkable innovations in how products are marketed. One scientific breakthrough in particular revolutionized how we understand consumer behavior and brain response to advertising stimuli. This poll tests your knowledge of a pivotal scientific technique that transformed the advertising industry's approach to measuring campaign effectiveness.

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Electroencephalography with Superimposed Temporal Analysis (EEG-STA)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) response mapping