Which location-based retail analytics technology first enabled stores to track customer movement patterns within physical locations using smartphone signals?

In today's digital age, retailers are increasingly leveraging geographic data to enhance their marketing strategies and customer experiences. Location-based marketing has transformed how brands connect with consumers by delivering personalized content based on physical location. This poll tests your knowledge about a significant geographic retail innovation that revolutionized how businesses understand consumer behavior patterns across different regions and locations.

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Wi-Fi triangulation heat mapping (first deployed by Euclid Analytics in 2010)
RFID-enabled shopping carts (first deployed by IBM in 2003)
Bluetooth beacon micro-location tracking (first deployed by Apple in 2013)
Satellite-based consumer density mapping (first deployed by Target in 2008)