Which pioneering retail personalization algorithm technique revolutionized Netflix's recommendation system in 2006-2009, leading to the $1 million Netflix Prize competition?

Streaming services and online retailers shape our entertainment choices through sophisticated personalization algorithms. But how much do you really know about the technology that seems to read your mind? This trivia question explores the retail personalization algorithms that power your favorite pop culture platforms and how they influence what movies, music, and products end up in your recommendations.

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Collaborative filtering based on matrix factorization
Natural language processing of user reviews
Real-time emotion detection via webcam analysis
Social graph relationship mapping