Which personalization technique is known as the 'IKEA effect' in retail psychology?

In today's data-driven retail environment, personalization has become a cornerstone of customer engagement strategies. Behind the tailored recommendations and customized shopping experiences lies a complex web of algorithms, behavioral psychology, and consumer data analysis. This trivia question explores one of the lesser-known aspects of how retailers leverage personalization to influence consumer behavior.

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When customers value products more highly if they have invested effort into creating or assembling them
When retailers show customers previously viewed items to create a sense of familiarity
When product recommendations are based on items frequently bought together
When retailers create artificial scarcity to increase perceived value of personalized offers