Which mathematical algorithm revolutionized e-commerce by enabling Amazon's 'Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought' recommendation system?

In today's data-driven retail world, advanced mathematical algorithms power the most successful e-commerce platforms. From recommendation engines to inventory forecasting, mathematics forms the backbone of modern online shopping experiences. Test your knowledge about the sophisticated algorithms that silently shape your shopping experience and drive billions in revenue.

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Collaborative Filtering with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
Bayesian Neural Networks with Stochastic Gradient Descent
K-means Clustering with Principal Component Analysis
Random Forest Decision Trees with Gradient Boosting