What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become one of the most significant shopping events globally, driving billions in sales and marking the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. But how well do you know the origins of this retail phenomenon? Test your knowledge about the history of this massive shopping festival that transformed retail marketing strategies and consumer behavior patterns worldwide.

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A stock market crash in 1869 when gold prices plummeted
The day retail stores traditionally moved from operating at a loss ('in the red') to profitability ('in the black')
A term coined by retail workers to describe the chaotic crowds on the day after Thanksgiving
A marketing campaign created by department stores in the 1950s to boost post-Thanksgiving sales