Which invention, first commercially used in a grocery store in 1974, revolutionized retail by automating product identification and inventory tracking?

The retail landscape has been transformed by countless inventions and discoveries throughout history. Some innovations were so groundbreaking that they fundamentally altered how consumers shop and how businesses operate. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal technological invention that revolutionized inventory management and checkout processes worldwide, creating efficiencies that we now take for granted in our shopping experiences.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode system
RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags
Electronic shelf labels (ESL)
Self-checkout terminals