Which mathematical algorithm revolutionized Amazon's product recommendation system, reportedly increasing their sales by 35% when first implemented?

In the intersection of mathematics and retail marketing lies a fascinating world of algorithms and data-driven decisions. One particular mathematical tool has revolutionized how major online retailers optimize their product recommendations, dramatically increasing sales through personalized suggestions. This innovation has become so fundamental to e-commerce that it's now considered essential infrastructure for competitive online retail platforms.

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Collaborative Filtering Matrix Factorization
Bayesian Neural Networks
Gradient Boosting Decision Trees
K-means Clustering