Which retail technology invention was first developed as part of a Harvard student's research project and later revolutionized personalized shopping experiences?

The world of retail has been transformed by numerous inventions and discoveries throughout history. From the humble barcode to sophisticated AI-driven recommendation engines, technological innovations have revolutionized how we shop. Test your knowledge about groundbreaking retail inventions that changed consumer behavior and retail operations forever. Can you identify which technological discovery truly disrupted traditional retail patterns?

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Collaborative filtering recommendation engines
Self-checkout kiosks
RFID inventory tracking
NFC payment systems