Which mathematical algorithm formed the foundation of Netflix's original product recommendation system that won the $1 million Netflix Prize in 2009?

Modern retail operations increasingly rely on sophisticated mathematical algorithms to optimize various aspects of the business. From inventory management to customer behavior prediction, mathematics plays a crucial role in retail technology advancement. This poll tests your knowledge about a specific mathematical technique that revolutionized product recommendation systems in online retail platforms.

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Matrix Factorization with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
K-means Clustering with Euclidean Distance
Random Forest Decision Trees
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)