Which retail giant first implemented collaborative filtering algorithms for personalized recommendations, creating what became known as the 'recommendation engine' that revolutionized e-commerce?

The intersection of mathematics and retail has transformed how companies understand consumer behavior and optimize operations. Advanced algorithms now power everything from inventory management to personalized recommendations. This trivia question focuses on a significant mathematical innovation that revolutionized retail personalization and created a competitive advantage for an early adopter. Test your knowledge of how mathematics has shaped modern retail strategy!

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Amazon, with their item-to-item collaborative filtering algorithm developed in 1998
Walmart, with their customer segmentation algorithm in 2003
Target, with their predictive analytics system for customer lifecycle events in 2002
eBay, with their BayesNet recommendation system implemented in 2000